ToolPilot
finance tools 6 min read Updated 2026-09-04

What Is CAGR and How Is It Calculated?

Understand Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), why it outperforms arithmetic average return, and how to apply the formula.

Why Average Return Can Be Deceptive

Imagine investing $1,000. In Year 1 your portfolio gains +100% to $2,000. In Year 2 your portfolio falls -50% back down to $1,000.

The simple arithmetic average return is (+100% - 50%) / 2 = +25% per year. Yet you have made $0 in actual profit! CAGR eliminates this distortion by measuring true geometric compounding.

The CAGR Mathematical Formula

CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1.

CAGR tells you the constant annual rate of growth that would have taken you from the starting balance to the final balance over that period.

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